Prep the base: Dice the onion, carrots, and celery.
Mince the garlic. Chop the zucchini, squash, and green beans into bite-size pieces.
Layer the crockpot: Add onion, carrots, celery, zucchini, squash, green beans, garlic, crushed tomatoes, diced tomatoes (if using), beans (drained and rinsed), Italian seasoning, thyme, bay leaf, red pepper flakes, and broth.
Season early: Add 1 1/2 teaspoons salt and 1/2 teaspoon black pepper to start. You’ll adjust later.
Cook low and slow: Cover and cook on Low for 6–8 hours or on High for 3–4 hours, until the vegetables are tender but not mushy.
Add pasta near the end: Stir in the gluten-free pasta about 20–25 minutes before serving if cooking on High, or 30–35 minutes if on Low.
Check a noodle for doneness to avoid overcooking.
Greens and brightness: Stir in spinach or kale and cook 5 more minutes, just until wilted. Add lemon juice or vinegar for a bright finish.
Taste and adjust: Remove the bay leaf. Add more salt and pepper as needed.
If you like a thinner soup, splash in extra broth or hot water.
Serve: Ladle into bowls and top with chopped parsley or basil and a sprinkle of Parmesan or dairy-free Parmesan.