Preheat the oven to 425°F (220°C). Line a large baking sheet with parchment or lightly coat with nonstick spray. A hot oven is key for crisp edges.
Prep the broccoli. Rinse and dry thoroughly. Cut into small, even florets—about bite-sized.
Drying well helps prevent steaming and promotes browning.
Season. In a large bowl, toss the florets with olive oil, garlic powder, onion powder, salt, and pepper. If using crushed red pepper, add it now.
Add Parmesan (and panko if using). Sprinkle the cheese and optional breadcrumbs over the broccoli and toss again until everything is evenly coated. The cheese should cling to the oiled florets.
Spread on the sheet. Arrange the florets in a single layer with space between pieces.
Flip some florets so the cut sides face down—those sides get extra crispy.
Roast. Bake for 15–20 minutes, stirring once at the 12-minute mark. You’re looking for tender stems, deep golden edges, and some char on the tips.
Finish. Zest the lemon over the hot broccoli or squeeze a little juice for brightness. Taste and adjust salt, pepper, and Parmesan as needed.
Serve. Enjoy immediately while hot and crisp, or let cool slightly for snacking.
Add an extra sprinkle of Parmesan right before serving for maximum flavor.