Prepare the sweet potato: Bake, microwave, or steam a sweet potato until very tender. Scoop out the flesh and mash until smooth.
Let it cool to room temperature. You’ll need 1 cup of mashed sweet potato.
Prep the pan and oven: Heat the oven to 350°F (175°C). Line an 8-inch square pan with parchment paper, leaving overhang for easy lifting.
Lightly grease the parchment.
Mix the wet ingredients: In a large bowl, whisk together the mashed sweet potato, melted butter, granulated sugar, brown sugar, eggs, and vanilla until glossy and well combined.
Sift the dry ingredients: In a separate bowl, whisk the cocoa powder, flour, baking powder, and salt. Sifting or whisking breaks up lumps for a smoother batter.
Combine: Add the dry ingredients to the wet. Stir with a spatula until just combined and no dry streaks remain.
Fold in chocolate chips if using. Do not overmix.
Spread and level: Transfer the batter to the prepared pan. Smooth the top with a spatula.
Sprinkle flaky salt if you like that sweet-salty finish.
Bake: Bake for 22–28 minutes, until the edges look set and a toothpick inserted in the center comes out with a few moist crumbs, not wet batter. Err on the side of slightly underbaked for fudgier brownies.
Cool completely: Let the brownies cool in the pan for at least 30–45 minutes. Lift out using the parchment and slice with a sharp knife, wiping the blade between cuts for clean edges.